Early Modern English coin (The Oxford Crown)
On display
The presence of King Charles I in Oxford in 1642–6, during the English Civil War, is preserved in this remarkable coin, known as the Oxford Crown. It bears his fine equestrian portrait placed against the Oxford cityscape. During this period the king lived at Christ Church and the queen at Merton College. The reverse dates the coin to 1644 and advertises Charles’s aims in the Civil war – to uphold the Protestant religion, the laws of England and the freedom of Parliament.
Other cities have been alluded to in a stylised fashion on English coinage, but a detailed representation such as this is wholly without parallel. The view of Oxford is taken from a north to north-westerly direction. In the forefront is the moated city wall, and, from the left, Magdalen College Tower, the spires of All Saints Church (now Lincoln College library) and the University Church of St Mary the Virgin, and the roof and tower of the Bodleian Library.
The Oxford mint was set up at New Inn Hall, at the present site of St Peter’s College, in January 1642. It was overseen by Thomas Bushell and Sir William Pankhurst, former Wardens of the Shrewsbury and Tower Mints. Stocked with silver from Oxford and Cambridge colleges, and with converted foreign money, the Oxford mint was a hugely successful enterprise and managed to cover Charles’s needs for ample coinage in his war effort. The Oxford Crown of 1644 represents only a fraction of this production. The mint closed in May or June 1646, when the city was besieged for a second time and taken for Parliament.
Details
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Title
Early Modern English coin (The Oxford Crown)
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Associated people
Charles I ("Charles I, King of England") (1625 - 1649) (ruler) -
Associated place
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Date
1644 -
Material and technique
silver, struck
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Denomination
Crown
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Object type
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Dimensions
44 mm (diameter) -
Inscription/mark
EXURGAT DEVS DISSIPENTVR INIMICI. RELIG PROT LEG ANG LIBER PARL. 1644
CAROLVS D G MAG BRIT FRAN ET HIBER REX
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Design
King riding over a view of the city with 'OXON' between the horses legs (obverse)
Floral scrolls above and below Declaration, date in script, 1644 OXON (reverse)
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No. of items
1
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Credit line
Transferred from the Bodleian Library, 1760.
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Museum location
Lower ground floor | Gallery 7 | Money -
Museum department
Heberden Coin Room
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Accession no.
HCR6571
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